1920 Merged a botanist explaining style with the name Hans Winkler the Greek words "Genesis" and "Soma" around a body of genes to beschreiben.Auf of this episode of science historian Howard Markel the word "Genome" and how it was the most popular way all our genetic material to describe.
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Sound can only mean it's time for Science diction, our monthly history of scientific words.
Now, what are we word today get? genome.It is actively involved in our scientific vocabulary.It is defined as all are our genetic Informationen.vielleicht some of you think sell sequenziert.Wir spoke about this morning.
Howard Markel is Professor of history of medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Also, Director of the Center for the history of medicine, gibt.Willkommen back to Science Friday.
Professor HOWARD MARKEL: (History of medicine, University of Michigan; Director, Center for the history of Medicine) well, it of great to be back, IRA.
FLATOW: Coming Howard, where the word, genome, out?
Prof. MARKEL: Well, you know most of our genetic terminology comes from the Greek work Genesis, i.e. origin or creation. But when it comes to genome, we have to give a botanist at the University of Hamburg, his name was Hans Winkler all credit,. 1920 he was writing a textbook on botany and he collided the German root word for, the gene with the Greek suffix OME, is the body indicates.
Now this was a very common BREW. Know there BioM and Rhizome system of roots.And, of course, chromosomes, what actually colorful make means because an inclination to pick specific colours that are in use when you peering this cell through a microscope.But he used the word genome exactly how defines the entire chromosome set to specify the material basis of our species.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm.
Prof. MARKEL: And it really caught on especially after 1953, when Watson and Crick most famously the structure of DNA beschrieben.Und geneticist, a few years later States Department of energy and the National Institute began the genome several viruses and complex organisms to beschreiben.Und from the late 1980s and officially in 1990, United of health, to describe the 3.3 billion base pairs that include our human genome and its genetic repertoire.
FLATOW: And I think, a map is OM, meaning of the body, a better suffix as something important.
Prof. MARKEL: exactly. Because the map is a two-dimensional structure.It doesn't really tell you - it may tell you how far something from something else, but it will not inform the hills that can occur, the valleys or climatic conditions and so we really want to know, weiter.Und with the interaction of this chromosome set with the Protoplasma.Was is it - the proteins, the molecules and so on?
FLATOW: Mm-hmm.And the word OME habit is to set, was that - back 30 years ago was that often add suffix?
Prof. MARKEL: absolut.Sie know how I said all these wonderful words were hatched between 1900 or 1890 and 1930, BioM is the one that we use most.
FLATOW: Right.
Prof. MARKEL: And Zilome, a system of cavities and so weiter.So is very often.And now we see prodianomics(ph) and so weiter.Es is still on.
Now, what is very interesting for me as a historian, is, what the future of the genome, you know?It has come to everyone's vocabulary, and it has come to the Holy Grail of modern medicine darstellen.Sie know a tool that helps the cause, cure and even prevention of disease, but, of course, future evaluations reveal that where we will leave on the find scientific community's ability, such as closely secrets guarded.
FLATOW: Is there a different suffix like OME, that waiting in the wings?
Prof. MARKEL: I am sure, there are.And I'm sure, there are a number of words that are ready, effective werden.Aber thing about genome, scientists precise words of love.And if you know you genetic map - I actually asked a number of people who are so to speak, in the room if the human genome project has been developed.You said, there was no other word that we would ever to come because it nothing quite as precise.
The great is to comprise words that mean you can make, what you should mean.
FLATOW: And how long has take genome, know to be accepted?
Prof. MARKEL: Well, it started 1920, but it...
FLATOW: Right.
Prof. MARKEL:...by the 1950s, it was really catch auf.Und, certainly, once the structure of the double helix was understood and that different based couples respond differently with proteins and molecules and so on, you know that three had to predict dimensionality what would be the Repertoire of things are functional and not as functional for that matter - scientist it immediately adapted.
FLATOW: Mm hmm.Gut, thank you, Howard.
Prof. MARKEL: Thank you.
FLATOW: Have a good Wochenende.Howard Markel is Professor of history of medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Director of the Center for history of gibt.Wir said medicine about the word genome.
If you have a better word, insert into our Web site at sciencefriday.com and click us a Kommentar.Lassen comment what you think a better word than genome his could perhaps can we in Oxford English Dictionary somewhere could take a bit along the line to zwingen.Es, so please have patience.
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